What are the causes of longitudinal ridging (also known as onychorrhexis) in fingernails or toenails?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 18, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Research

Longitudinal ridging, also known as onychorrhexis, in fingernails or toenails is typically a normal sign of aging and usually not a cause for concern, but can also be caused by underlying systemic diseases or infections, as noted in a recent study 1.

Causes of Longitudinal Ridging

The causes of longitudinal ridging can be attributed to various factors, including:

  • Aging, which slows down cell turnover in the nail matrix, creating slight variations in nail thickness
  • Underlying systemic diseases, such as iron deficiency, psoriasis, or thyroid problems, which can cause changes in nail appearance
  • Infections, such as fungal infections, which can cause nail discoloration and brittleness
  • Trauma to the nail, which can cause ridging and brittleness

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of longitudinal ridging involves a thorough examination of the nails and a detailed medical history, as noted in a study on nail disorders 1. Treatment for longitudinal ridging depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

  • Keeping nails moisturized with regular hand lotion or nail oil
  • Maintaining good nail hygiene and avoiding harsh chemicals
  • Gentle buffing with a fine-grit buffer to smooth out ridges
  • Addressing underlying systemic diseases or infections with medical treatment

Importance of Nail Examination

A thorough examination of the nails is essential in diagnosing and treating nail disorders, as well as recognizing underlying systemic diseases, as noted in a study on nail lines 2. Nail changes can be a clue to underlying conditions, and early detection and treatment can improve patient outcomes.

Key Takeaways

  • Longitudinal ridging is typically a normal sign of aging, but can also be caused by underlying systemic diseases or infections
  • Diagnosis involves a thorough examination of the nails and a detailed medical history
  • Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but may include moisturizing, buffing, and addressing underlying conditions
  • A thorough examination of the nails is essential in diagnosing and treating nail disorders and recognizing underlying systemic diseases, as noted in a recent study 1.

References

Research

Evaluation of nail lines: Color and shape hold clues.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2016

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.