Differential Diagnosis for Eye Twitching

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Benign Essential Blepharospasm: This is the most common cause of eye twitching, characterized by involuntary spasms or contractions of the eyelid muscles. It is often associated with fatigue, stress, or caffeine consumption.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Dry Eye Syndrome: Irritation and inflammation of the eyes due to insufficient tear production can lead to eye twitching.
  • Eye Strain: Prolonged use of computers, reading, or other activities that cause eye fatigue can result in eye twitching.
  • Caffeine or Alcohol Consumption: Excessive intake of these substances can lead to eye twitching due to their stimulant effects.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in magnesium, calcium, or potassium can cause muscle twitching, including the muscles around the eyes.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Multiple Sclerosis: Although rare, multiple sclerosis can cause eye twitching as part of its broader neurological symptoms.
  • Thyroid Disorders: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can lead to eye twitching among other symptoms.
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases (e.g., Parkinson's Disease, Dystonia): These conditions can cause a variety of movement disorders, including eye twitching.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Hemifacial Spasm: A rare neurological disorder characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions on one side of the face, including the eyelid.
  • Blepharospasm associated with other conditions: Such as brain injury, stroke, or as a side effect of certain medications.
  • Oromandibular Dystonia: A type of dystonia that affects the muscles of the face and jaw, which can include eye twitching as part of its symptomatology.