Differential Diagnosis for Unilateral Optic Neuritis
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): This is the most common cause of unilateral optic neuritis, especially in young adults. MS is an autoimmune disease that can affect the optic nerve, leading to inflammation and demyelination.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Idiopathic Optic Neuritis: This is a condition where the optic nerve becomes inflamed without any identifiable cause. It is often seen in young adults and can be a standalone condition or a precursor to MS.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): SLE is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs, including the eyes. Optic neuritis can be a manifestation of SLE.
- Neurosyphilis: This is a condition where the nervous system is affected by syphilis infection. Optic neuritis can be a symptom of neurosyphilis.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): This is an inflammatory disease that affects the blood vessels, including those supplying the optic nerve. GCA can cause sudden and permanent vision loss if not treated promptly.
- Optic Neuromyelitis (Devic's Disease): This is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. It can cause severe vision loss and neurological symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: This is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, including the eyes. Optic neuritis can be a symptom of sarcoidosis.
Rare Diagnoses
- Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. It is more common in young men.
- Toxic Optic Neuropathy: This is a condition where the optic nerve is damaged due to exposure to toxins, such as methanol or ethambutol.
- Infectious Optic Neuritis: This is a rare condition where the optic nerve is infected by a microorganism, such as a virus or bacteria.