What are the symptoms of Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 18, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS), is characterized by symptoms including pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort related to the bladder that typically worsens as the bladder fills and improves after urination, as well as urinary urgency and frequency, with pain being the hallmark symptom 1. The symptoms of IC/BPS can vary widely, but typically include:

  • Pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort related to bladder filling, which can be described as a broad array of descriptors, including pressure, and may worsen with specific foods or drinks 1
  • Urinary urgency, which is the sudden, strong need to urinate, and frequency, which is needing to urinate more often than normal 1
  • Pain during sexual intercourse, particularly in women
  • Flare-ups triggered by certain foods or beverages, especially those containing caffeine, alcohol, artificial sweeteners, spicy ingredients, or high acid content like citrus fruits The severity of symptoms can vary widely, with some individuals experiencing mild discomfort while others have debilitating pain that significantly impacts quality of life 1. It is essential to note that IC/BPS symptoms are not accompanied by fever or bacterial growth in urine cultures, and the condition is often chronic, with symptoms potentially lasting for months or years, and may include periods of remission and exacerbation 1. If you experience these symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis, as IC can be confused with other conditions like urinary tract infections, overactive bladder, or prostatitis in men 1.

From the Research

Symptoms of Interstitial Cystitis (IC)/Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS)

  • Urinary urgency and frequency 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Bladder and pelvic pain on bladder filling 2
  • Pain or discomfort of the bladder 3
  • Suprapubic pelvic and/or genital area pain 5
  • Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse) 5, 6
  • Nocturia (waking up to urinate at night) 5
  • Lower abdominal, bladder, vaginal, urethral or perineal pain 4
  • Dysuria (painful urination) 4
  • Voiding often relieves the suprapubic discomfort 4
  • Drinking alcohol- and caffeine-containing drinks frequently exacerbates symptoms 4

Characteristics of IC/BPS

  • Chronic symptom complex 3
  • Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bladder 4
  • Notoriously difficult to manage 4
  • Can result in considerable morbidity 4
  • Overlaps with painful bladder syndrome, but they are different conditions 4
  • Aetiology remains obscure 4
  • Definition and diagnostic criteria are debated 4

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

The investigation and management of interstitial cystitis.

The journal of the British Menopause Society, 2005

Research

Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.

American family physician, 2011

Research

Interstitial cystitis: urgency and frequency syndrome.

American family physician, 2001

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.