Migraine: This condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headaches, often accompanied by neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and aura. The symptoms coming in surges could be indicative of migraine aura, which can include sensory disturbances like numbness and tingling.

Occipital Neuralgia: This condition involves inflammation or irritation of the occipital nerves, which can cause numbness, tingling, and pain in the back and side of the head. The symptoms can occur in surges and may be triggered by specific factors.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Although more commonly associated with facial pain, trigeminal neuralgia can cause numbness and tingling in areas of the face and head, including the back side, due to the complex distribution of the trigeminal nerve.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): MS is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms, including numbness and tingling. These symptoms can occur in episodes or surges, especially during relapses.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or Stroke: While less likely, it's crucial not to miss a TIA or stroke, as these conditions require immediate medical attention. Numbness and tingling, especially if sudden in onset and transient, could be indicative of a vascular event.
Brain Tumor: A tumor in the brain could cause localized neurological symptoms, including numbness and tingling, depending on its location. Although rare, this diagnosis is critical not to miss due to its significant implications for treatment and prognosis.
Temporal Arteritis: This condition involves inflammation of the blood vessels in the head, which can lead to various symptoms, including headache, visual disturbances, and occasionally, numbness or tingling. It's particularly important to consider in older adults.

Neurosyphilis: A rare condition caused by the progression of syphilis to the nervous system, which can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms, including numbness and tingling.
Sjögren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the glands that produce tears and saliva but can also cause neurological symptoms, including numbness and tingling, in some cases.
Vitamin Deficiencies (e.g., Vitamin B12 Deficiency): Certain vitamin deficiencies can lead to neurological symptoms, including numbness and tingling. While less common, these deficiencies are important to consider, especially in individuals with dietary restrictions or malabsorption conditions.