Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This condition is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain, characterized by inflammation of the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It is often related to overuse or repetitive strain on the forearm extensors.

Radial Head Fracture: A fracture of the radial head can cause lateral elbow pain, especially if it occurs after a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow can sometimes radiate pain to the lateral side, though it typically presents with swelling at the elbow.
Elbow Strain or Sprain: Overstretching or tearing of the ligaments around the elbow can lead to lateral elbow pain, depending on the specific ligaments involved.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome: A condition that involves compression of the radial nerve, which can cause pain on the lateral aspect of the elbow and forearm, as well as weakness of the wrist extensors. Missing this diagnosis could lead to prolonged nerve compression and potential permanent damage.
Gout or Pseudogout: Although less common, these conditions can cause sudden, severe elbow pain and should not be overlooked due to their potential for joint damage if left untreated.
Infection (Septic Arthritis or Osteomyelitis): Infections around the elbow joint or bone can present with pain, redness, and swelling. These conditions are medical emergencies requiring prompt treatment to prevent serious complications.

Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum: A rare condition in which a piece of cartilage and bone in the elbow joint becomes damaged, leading to pain and locking of the elbow. It is more common in young athletes.
Elbow Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can occur around the elbow, causing pain and other symptoms. These are rare but important to consider in the differential diagnosis to ensure timely and appropriate treatment.