Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: This is the most common cause of high glucose levels in adults, especially in individuals over 45 years old. Risk factors such as obesity, family history, and physical inactivity increase the likelihood.

Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia: Stress from illness, surgery, or severe injury can cause elevated blood glucose levels due to the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.
Medication-Induced Hyperglycemia: Certain medications, including steroids, certain antidepressants, and some blood pressure medications, can increase blood glucose levels as a side effect.
Pregnancy-Induced Gestational Diabetes: Although less common in a 47-year-old, it's still a possibility, especially if the woman is still in her reproductive years and has risk factors for gestational diabetes.

Pancreatic Cancer: Although rare, pancreatic cancer can cause elevated blood glucose levels due to the destruction of pancreatic tissue, leading to a decrease in insulin production.
Cushing's Syndrome: A rare endocrine disorder caused by excess cortisol, which can lead to hyperglycemia among other symptoms.
Pheochromocytoma: A rare tumor of the adrenal gland that can cause episodes of high blood pressure, sweating, and hyperglycemia due to the excessive release of adrenaline.

Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder that leads to iron overload, which can damage the pancreas and lead to diabetes.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): While more commonly associated with younger women, PCOS can lead to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
Glucagonoma: A rare tumor of the pancreas that produces excess glucagon, leading to hyperglycemia.