Is it good to never experience fever?

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发烧是人体对抗感染的重要防御机制,不发烧可能会削弱免疫系统对病原体的抵抗能力

从来不发烧并不是好事,因为发烧是人体对抗感染的重要防御机制,可以增强免疫细胞功能,直接抑制病原体和感染细胞,并与其他应激因素结合提供非特异性免疫防御。1

发烧的生理意义

  • 发烧是人体对感染的进化性防御反应,是急性期反应的一部分
  • 体温升高可以:
    • 增强免疫细胞的功能表现
    • 直接对病原体和感染细胞施加压力
    • 与其他应激因素结合提供非特异性免疫防御1

发烧的临床意义

  • 发烧是最常见的就诊原因之一,占儿科急诊就诊的10-20%2
  • 发烧是感染的重要警示信号,尤其在新生儿和婴幼儿中,可能是细菌感染的唯一表现2
  • 人体观察性研究表明,发烧可能带来生存优势1
  • 在COVID-19等新型病毒感染中,允许发烧自然进行可能对个体和公众都有益处1

发烧的定义与评估

  • 发烧通常定义为体温≥38°C (100.4°F)3
  • 直肠测温是婴幼儿的金标准3
  • 发烧可能是多种疾病的表现,包括:
    • 自限性病毒感染(最常见)
    • 细菌感染
    • 非感染性炎症疾病
    • 恶性肿瘤4

不发烧的潜在问题

  • 缺乏发烧反应可能导致:

    • 免疫系统对感染的反应不足
    • 病原体更容易繁殖和扩散
    • 延迟发现严重感染2
  • 某些人群不发烧但存在严重感染的风险更高:

    • 免疫功能低下患者
    • 老年人
    • 使用抗炎药物的患者2

特殊情况下的发烧管理

  • 对于大多数健康人群,轻度发烧不需要药物干预3

  • 在某些特殊情况下需要控制发烧:

    • 有癫痫史的儿童(预防热性惊厥)
    • 心肺功能严重受损患者
    • 极高热(≥40.5°C/105°F)2
  • 对于不明原因发热(FUO),需要全面诊断评估,而不是简单退热5

结论

发烧是人体对抗感染的重要防御机制。从来不发烧并不是好事,因为这可能意味着免疫系统对感染的反应能力下降。在大多数情况下,应该允许发烧自然进行,而不是立即使用退热药物,除非有特殊情况需要控制体温。

References

Research

Let fever do its job: The meaning of fever in the pandemic era.

Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2021

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Fever Management in Children

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Fever of Unknown Origin.

The Medical clinics of North America, 2024

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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