Differential Diagnosis for Cough
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI): This is often the most common cause of cough, given the high prevalence of viral infections such as the common cold and influenza. The cough is usually accompanied by other symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and sore throat.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Allergic Rhinitis: Allergies to dust, pollen, or pet dander can cause a chronic cough, especially in individuals with a history of allergies. Symptoms often include sneezing, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion.
- ACE Inhibitor-Induced Cough: A well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors, which are used to treat hypertension and heart failure. The cough is typically dry and can occur at any time after starting the medication.
- Asthma: Can cause a chronic cough, often accompanied by wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The cough may be worse at night or with exercise.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid reflux can irritate the throat and cause a cough. Symptoms may include heartburn, regurgitation, and a sour taste in the mouth.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Pneumonia: A potentially life-threatening infection that requires prompt treatment. Symptoms can include fever, chills, and difficulty breathing, in addition to cough.
- Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage of an artery in the lungs, which can be fatal if not treated promptly. Symptoms may include sudden onset of cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
- Lung Cancer: A chronic cough can be an early symptom of lung cancer, especially in smokers or those with a history of smoking.
- Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that can cause a chronic cough, often accompanied by weight loss, night sweats, and fever.
Rare Diagnoses
- Sarcoidosis: An autoimmune disease that can cause a chronic cough, along with other symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain.
- Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A rare condition characterized by an accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs, leading to cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that can cause a chronic cough, along with other respiratory and digestive symptoms.
- Bronchiectasis: A condition characterized by damaged airways, leading to a chronic cough, often with purulent sputum production.