Differential Diagnosis for Red Tongue
- Single most likely diagnosis:
- Vitamin deficiency (e.g., vitamin B12, iron, or folate deficiency): This is often the most common cause of a red tongue, as these deficiencies can lead to changes in the mucous membranes, including the tongue.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Geographic tongue: A condition characterized by the loss of papillae in certain areas of the tongue, giving it a red, map-like appearance.
- Oral candidiasis (thrush): A fungal infection that can cause redness and inflammation of the tongue and other oral mucous membranes.
- Allergic reactions or irritations: Certain foods, substances, or medications can cause an allergic reaction or irritation, leading to a red tongue.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
- Kawasaki disease: A rare condition that mainly affects children, causing inflammation in the blood vessels, and can present with a red, swollen tongue.
- Scarlet fever: A bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus, characterized by a bright red tongue and rash.
- Carbon monoxide poisoning: Although less directly related, carbon monoxide poisoning can cause cherry-red discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, including the tongue, in severe cases.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Erythema migrans (associated with Lyme disease): Although more commonly associated with a rash, some cases of Lyme disease can present with oral manifestations, including a red tongue.
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., pemphigus, lupus): Certain autoimmune conditions can cause oral lesions and changes, including redness of the tongue.
- Red tongue can also be a symptom of some types of cancer, though this is exceedingly rare and usually accompanied by other significant symptoms.