Differential Diagnosis for Unilateral Lower Extremity Edema in Women
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Chronic Venous Insufficiency: This condition is a common cause of unilateral lower extremity edema, especially in women. It occurs due to the incompetence of venous valves, leading to blood pooling in the affected limb. Factors such as pregnancy, obesity, and prolonged standing can exacerbate this condition.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less common than chronic venous insufficiency, DVT is a significant cause of unilateral leg swelling. It is particularly concerning in patients with risk factors such as recent surgery, immobilization, cancer, or genetic predispositions to clotting.
- Lymphedema: This condition, characterized by the abnormal collection of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial tissue, can cause unilateral lower extremity edema. It may be primary (inherited) or secondary (due to surgery, infection, or trauma).
- Cellulitis: An infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, cellulitis can cause swelling, redness, and warmth of the affected limb. It is more common in women and can be associated with trauma, insect bites, or underlying vascular disease.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens: A severe form of DVT that causes significant swelling and cyanosis of the limb. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt intervention to prevent limb loss.
- Compartment Syndrome: Increased pressure within a muscle compartment can lead to severe pain, swelling, and potentially permanent damage to the limb. It is often associated with trauma but can also occur with reperfusion injury after ischemia.
- Malignancy: Certain cancers, such as lymphoma or metastatic disease, can cause unilateral edema by obstructing lymphatic or venous drainage.
Rare Diagnoses
- Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: A congenital condition characterized by vascular malformations, varicose veins, and limb hypertrophy, which can cause unilateral lower extremity edema.
- Fabry Disease: A genetic disorder leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide, which can cause vascular dysfunction and edema among other symptoms.
- Lipedema: A condition characterized by the abnormal growth of fat cells in the legs, leading to swelling and pain. It is often mistaken for lymphedema but does not typically involve the feet.