From the Guidelines
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) is a complex condition with multiple potential causes, including genetic susceptibility, metabolic disturbances, and biopsychosocial factors, and its management requires a tailored, flexible, and holistic approach. The exact causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are not fully understood, but research suggests that it may involve a combination of biological, psychological, and social mechanisms 1. Some of the potential causes and contributing factors include:
- Genetic susceptibility
- Metabolic disturbances
- Physical functioning and physical activity
- Comorbidities, such as pain, obesity, anxiety, and depression
- Stress and relationships
- Work roles
- Dysregulation in the body's stress response systems, immune function, or energy metabolism
According to the most recent and highest quality study 1, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in improving health function, health-related quality of life, and physical function in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. CBT should be considered as a first-line treatment for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, as it has been found to be effective in multiple studies and has a strong evidence base. Additionally, mindfulness-based therapies have also been found to be effective in reducing functional impairment and improving quality of life in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1.
It is essential to note that the management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the individual's unique needs and circumstances. A multifaceted approach that includes lifestyle modifications, nutritional support, medical evaluation, and psychological therapies, such as CBT and mindfulness-based therapies, is likely to be the most effective way to manage Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and improve quality of life.
From the Research
Causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
The exact causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) are still unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute to its development. These include:
- Lifestyle factors, such as work stress and personality traits, which may predispose individuals to develop the illness 2
- Triggering events, such as viral infections or life events, which may initiate the onset of symptoms 2
- Perpetuating factors, such as cerebral dysfunction, sleep disorders, depression, and inconsistent activity levels, which may contribute to the persistence of symptoms 2
- Immunologic, neurologic, and psychiatric factors, which may also play a role in the development of CFS 3, 4
- Inflammatory, neurologic, immunologic, and metabolic abnormalities, which have been demonstrated in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) 5
Potential Triggers and Contributing Factors
Some potential triggers and contributing factors for CFS include:
- Viral infections 2, 3
- Life events, such as stress or trauma 2
- Sleep disorders 2, 6
- Depression and other psychiatric illnesses 2, 3, 4
- Inconsistent activity levels and lack of exercise 2, 6
- Poor sleep hygiene and lifestyle habits 6, 5
Complexity of the Condition
CFS is a heterogeneous disorder, and its causes are likely to be complex and multifactorial 3, 4. The condition may involve an interaction of biologic systems, and its symptoms can be similar to those of other conditions, such as fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome 3. As a result, diagnosis and treatment of CFS can be challenging, and a comprehensive and individualized approach is often necessary 2, 3, 4, 6, 5