Biliary atresia or biliary obstruction: This condition leads to a blockage in the bile ducts, preventing bile from reaching the intestines, which results in pale or white stools. It's a common cause of white stool in infants and requires prompt medical attention.

Gastroenteritis with malabsorption: Certain viral or bacterial infections can lead to malabsorption, including the malabsorption of bile salts, which may result in lighter-colored stools.
Celiac disease: An autoimmune reaction to gluten can lead to malabsorption and changes in stool color, including white or pale stools.
Pancreatic insufficiency: Conditions affecting the pancreas, such as cystic fibrosis, can lead to insufficient digestive enzymes, resulting in malabsorption and altered stool color.

Intestinal obstruction: Although less common, an obstruction in the intestines can lead to severe complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. White stool could be a sign of an obstruction preventing normal bile and digestive processes.
Hirschsprung's disease: A congenital condition characterized by the absence of nerve cells in parts of the colon, leading to severe constipation or obstruction. While not typically presenting with white stool, it's a critical diagnosis not to miss due to its potential for severe complications.

Alagille syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the liver, heart, and other parts of the body, which can lead to bile duct paucity and, consequently, white stools.
Aplastic anemia or other bone marrow disorders: Though very rare, these conditions can lead to a decrease in bile production due to their impact on the body's ability to produce blood cells, potentially affecting liver function indirectly.
Certain metabolic disorders: Disorders affecting the metabolism of bile salts or other substances can lead to changes in stool color, including white stools, though these are relatively rare and often present with other systemic symptoms.