From the Guidelines
A comprehensive fetal ultrasound report template should include patient demographics, clinical information, technical details, and detailed fetal assessment, with a focus on biometry measurements, estimated fetal weight, amniotic fluid volume, placental location, and anatomical survey, as recommended by the most recent guidelines 1. The fetal assessment should document biometry measurements, such as biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length, as well as estimated fetal weight with percentile, to ensure accurate evaluation of fetal growth and development 1.
- The anatomical survey should evaluate the head/brain, face, spine, chest, heart, abdomen, and extremities, to identify potential abnormalities that may require further evaluation or intervention 1.
- For second and third trimester scans, Doppler studies of umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus should be included if indicated, to assess fetal well-being and detect potential complications 1.
- The report should conclude with an impression summarizing normal findings or abnormalities, recommendations for follow-up if needed, and the name of the performing sonographer and interpreting physician, to ensure clear communication and continuity of care 1. The use of a standardized template for fetal ultrasound reports can help ensure that all necessary information is collected and reported, and can facilitate comparison and tracking of fetal development over time, ultimately improving outcomes for mothers and babies by reducing morbidity, mortality, and improving quality of life 1.
From the Research
Fetal Ultrasound Parameters
The standard template for a fetal ultrasound includes various parameters to assess fetal growth and well-being. These parameters include:
- Biparietal diameter (BPD) 2
- Head circumference (HC) 3, 2
- Abdominal circumference (AC) 3, 2
- Femur length (FL) 3, 2
Measurement Timing and Purpose
The selection of the most useful single biometric parameter depends on the timing and purpose of measurement 2. For example:
- Crown-rump length (CRL) is the best parameter for early dating of pregnancy 2
- BPD maintains the closest correlation with gestational age in the second trimester 2
- Head circumference is an effective alternative in cases of variation in the shape of the skull 2
- Abdominal circumference is the most useful dimension to evaluate fetal growth 2
- Femur length is the best parameter in the evaluation of skeletal dysplasia 2
Fetal Anatomy Examination
A detailed sonographic examination of the fetus is usually performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy 4. The accurate recognition of normal fetal anatomy is very important for the detection of both minor and major defects 4. The examination should include the evaluation of fetal anatomic structures, such as:
- Fetal biometry parameters, including BPD, HC, AC, and FL 3
- Fetal anatomy, including the head, abdomen, and limbs 4
Reference Values
Reference values for fetal biometry parameters may vary depending on the population and gestational age 3. It is essential to use specific charts for different communities when possible 2. The mean values of BPD, HC, AC, and FL may differ between populations, and it is crucial to consider these differences when evaluating fetal growth and well-being 3.