Differential Diagnosis for Numbness and Falls

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Peripheral Neuropathy: This condition is a common cause of numbness, and when combined with falls, it is likely due to the loss of sensation and proprioception (awareness of body position), leading to impaired balance and increased risk of falls.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause peripheral neuropathy, leading to numbness and increased risk of falls due to impaired balance and coordination.
• Diabetic Neuropathy: Similar to peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy can cause numbness and loss of proprioception, increasing the risk of falls.
• Orthostatic Hypotension: A sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing can cause dizziness and lightheadedness, leading to falls, and may be accompanied by numbness in some cases.
• Parkinson's Disease: This neurodegenerative disorder can cause numbness, balance problems, and increased risk of falls due to rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A stroke or TIA can cause sudden numbness, weakness, and loss of balance, leading to falls. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent further brain damage.
• Multiple Sclerosis: This autoimmune disease can cause numbness, weakness, and balance problems, increasing the risk of falls. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.
• Spinal Cord Compression: Compression of the spinal cord can cause numbness, weakness, and loss of balance, leading to falls. Urgent medical attention is necessary to prevent permanent damage.

Rare Diagnoses

• Tabes Dorsalis: A rare complication of untreated syphilis, tabes dorsalis can cause numbness, loss of proprioception, and impaired balance, leading to falls.
• Friedreich's Ataxia: A rare genetic disorder, Friedreich's ataxia can cause progressive damage to the nervous system, leading to numbness, loss of balance, and increased risk of falls.
• Refsum Disease: A rare genetic disorder, Refsum disease can cause peripheral neuropathy, leading to numbness and loss of balance, increasing the risk of falls.