What are the causes of a lazy eye (amblyopia) in a toddler?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 19, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

Lazy eye, or amblyopia, in toddlers is most commonly caused by visual deprivation, which can result from conditions such as congenital or early-onset cataracts, corneal opacities, or ptosis, as evidenced by the most recent study 1. The causes of amblyopia can be categorized into several types, including:

  • Visual deprivation amblyopia, which is caused by complete or partial obstruction of the visual axis, resulting in a degraded retinal image
  • Strabismic amblyopia, which is caused by misalignment of the eyes
  • Refractive amblyopia, which is caused by significant differences in refractive error between the two eyes According to the study 1, visual deprivation amblyopia is often the most severe and difficult to treat, with visual acuity often being 20/200 or worse. Key factors that contribute to the development of amblyopia include:
  • Congenital or early-onset cataracts
  • Corneal opacities
  • Ptosis
  • Refractive errors, such as anisometropia
  • Strabismus Early detection and treatment of amblyopia are crucial to improve visual acuity, as highlighted in the study 1. Treatment of amblyopia typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as removing a cataract or correcting refractive errors, and may also include patching or atropine therapy to strengthen the weaker eye 1.

From the Research

Causes of Lazy Eye (Amblyopia) in Toddlers

There are no research papers provided that directly address the causes of lazy eye (amblyopia) in toddlers. The available studies focus on various eye conditions, such as allergic conjunctivitis, infectious conjunctivitis, and neonatal conjunctivitis, but do not provide information on the causes of amblyopia.

  • The studies provided discuss the treatment and management of different eye conditions, including the use of antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and antibiotics 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • However, none of these studies investigate the causes of lazy eye or amblyopia in toddlers.
  • As a result, there is no evidence from the provided studies to support a discussion on the causes of lazy eye in toddlers.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Allergic Conjunctivitis Management: Update on Ophthalmic Solutions.

Current allergy and asthma reports, 2024

Research

Ophthalmic antibiotic use for acute infectious conjunctivitis in children.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2021

Research

Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.