Medial Epicondylitis (Little League Elbow): This condition is common in young athletes, particularly those involved in throwing sports. It results from repetitive stress on the medial epicondyle, leading to pain and inflammation.

Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the elbow can cause pain and swelling, often due to repetitive motion or pressure on the elbow.
Elbow Hygroma: A benign condition where a fluid-filled cyst forms near the elbow, which can cause discomfort or pain.
Referred Pain from the Neck or Shoulder: Sometimes, pain from the neck or shoulder can radiate to the elbow, especially if there are issues with the nerves or musculoskeletal system in these areas.

Osteomyelitis or Septic Arthritis: Although less common, these infections can cause severe pain and have significant consequences if not promptly treated. They require immediate medical attention.
Tumor (e.g., Osteosarcoma): While rare, bone tumors can cause persistent pain and should be considered to ensure early detection and treatment.
Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow): Common in younger children, this condition can occur without significant trauma and causes pain and limited mobility of the elbow.

Gout or Pseudogout: These conditions are rare in children but can cause sudden, severe joint pain and should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially if other symptoms are present.
Sickle Cell Crisis: In children with sickle cell disease, a crisis can cause bone pain, including in the elbow, due to vaso-occlusive episodes.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain and inflammation, including in the elbows, and should be considered in children with persistent or recurrent joint symptoms.