What are the causes of oral mucosal blisters on the tongue (glossitis)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 20, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for Tongue Blisters

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Aphthous ulcers (canker sores): These are the most common cause of tongue blisters, characterized by small, painful, and recurrent ulcers that can appear on the tongue and other parts of the mouth.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Oral herpes (HSV-1): This viral infection can cause painful blisters on the tongue, lips, and other parts of the mouth.
    • Trauma: Accidental biting of the tongue or other forms of trauma can lead to the formation of blisters.
    • Allergic reactions: Allergies to certain foods, medications, or substances can cause tongue blisters.
    • Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins such as B12 or iron can lead to oral changes, including tongue blisters.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Erythema multiforme: A severe skin and mucous membrane disorder that can cause blisters on the tongue and other parts of the body, often triggered by infections or medications.
    • Stevens-Johnson syndrome: A life-threatening condition that can cause blisters on the tongue, lips, and other parts of the body, often triggered by medications or infections.
    • Oral cancer: Although rare, tongue blisters can be a symptom of oral cancer, making it essential to rule out this diagnosis.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Pemphigus vulgaris: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause blisters on the tongue and other parts of the mouth.
    • Behçet's disease: A rare condition that can cause oral ulcers, including tongue blisters, as well as other systemic symptoms.
    • Geographic tongue: A rare condition characterized by the appearance of irregularly shaped, smooth, red patches on the tongue, which can sometimes be mistaken for blisters.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.