Differential Diagnosis for Restless Legs
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): This is the most likely diagnosis due to the symptoms described. RLS is a common disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations such as tingling, burning, or itching. The symptoms typically worsen in the evening or at night and are relieved by movement.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD): This condition is often associated with RLS and involves involuntary movements of the legs during sleep. It can cause similar symptoms to RLS and may be considered if the patient reports sleep disturbances.
- Iron deficiency: Iron deficiency is a known cause of RLS symptoms, and correcting the deficiency can alleviate symptoms. This diagnosis should be considered, especially if the patient has a history of iron deficiency anemia or other conditions that may lead to iron deficiency.
- Peripheral neuropathy: This condition can cause similar symptoms to RLS, such as tingling, numbness, or pain in the legs. It may be considered if the patient has a history of diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or other conditions that can cause peripheral neuropathy.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less likely, DVT can cause leg pain and swelling, which may be mistaken for RLS. Missing this diagnosis can be deadly due to the risk of pulmonary embolism.
- Akathisia: This is a rare side effect of certain medications, particularly antipsychotics, and can cause symptoms similar to RLS. It is essential to consider this diagnosis if the patient is taking medications that may cause akathisia.
- Rare diagnoses
- Neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy): These conditions can cause RLS-like symptoms, although they are much less common. They should be considered if the patient has other symptoms suggestive of a neurodegenerative disease.
- Renal failure: Renal failure can cause RLS symptoms, possibly due to electrolyte imbalances or other metabolic changes. This diagnosis should be considered if the patient has a history of kidney disease or other conditions that may lead to renal failure.