Differential Diagnosis for Vertigo
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): This is the most common cause of vertigo, characterized by brief, episodic vertigo triggered by specific head movements. It is often related to the movement of otolith crystals in the inner ear.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Vestibular Migraine: A condition that involves vertigo, often accompanied by headache, sensitivity to light and sound, and sometimes, visual auras. It's a common cause of vertigo in patients with a history of migraines.
- Labyrinthitis: An inner ear disorder characterized by inflammation of the labyrinth, which can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It is often viral in nature.
- Meniere's Disease: A disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. The episodes can be severe and debilitating.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Posterior Circulation Stroke: Although less common, a stroke in the posterior circulation can present with vertigo, among other symptoms like difficulty speaking, swallowing, or weakness. It is critical to identify and treat promptly to prevent further brain damage.
- Multiple Sclerosis: An autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the brain and spinal cord, leading to a wide range of potential symptoms, including vertigo. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management.
- Rare diagnoses
- Acoustic Neuroma: A rare, non-cancerous tumor that grows on the cranial nerve running from the brain to the inner ear, affecting balance and hearing. Symptoms can include vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
- Otosclerosis: A condition in which there is abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, which can cause hearing loss and vertigo. It is more common in women and often becomes apparent during pregnancy.