What is the recommended dose of Lisinopril (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitor) for treating hypertension and heart failure?

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Recommended Dosing of Lisinopril for Hypertension and Heart Failure

For hypertension, the recommended initial dose of lisinopril is 10 mg once daily with titration to 20-40 mg daily as a target dose; for heart failure, start with 5 mg once daily (or 2.5 mg in patients with hyponatremia) and titrate to a maximum of 40 mg once daily. 1

Dosing for Hypertension

Initial Dosing

  • Standard initial dose: 10 mg once daily 1
  • With diuretics: 5 mg once daily (when adding to existing diuretic therapy) 1
  • Renal impairment (CrCl ≤30 mL/min): Start with 5 mg once daily 1
  • Hemodialysis patients (CrCl <10 mL/min): Start with 2.5 mg once daily 1

Maintenance and Target Dosing

  • Usual dosage range: 20-40 mg once daily 1
  • Maximum dose: Up to 80 mg daily has been used but provides minimal additional benefit 1
  • Dose adjustment: Titrate according to blood pressure response at intervals of not less than 2 weeks 2

Pediatric Dosing (≥6 years)

  • Starting dose: 0.07 mg/kg once daily (up to 5 mg total) 1
  • Maximum dose: 0.61 mg/kg once daily (up to 40 mg) 1
  • Not recommended for children <6 years or with GFR <30 mL/min/1.73m² 1

Dosing for Heart Failure

Initial Dosing

  • Standard initial dose: 5 mg once daily 1, 3
  • With hyponatremia (serum sodium <130 mEq/L): 2.5 mg once daily 1
  • Renal impairment (CrCl 10-30 mL/min): 2.5 mg once daily 1
  • Hemodialysis patients (CrCl <10 mL/min): 2.5 mg once daily 1

Maintenance and Target Dosing

  • Target dose: 20-35 mg once daily 3, 2
  • Maximum dose: 40 mg once daily 1
  • Titration: Double the dose at intervals of not less than 2 weeks 2

Monitoring and Dose Adjustment

Parameters to Monitor

  • Blood pressure (target <140/90 mmHg) 3
  • Renal function (serum creatinine)
  • Serum potassium
  • Signs of heart failure (for heart failure patients)

Dose Adjustment Considerations

  • Hypotension: Consider dose reduction if symptomatic hypotension occurs 2
  • Hyperkalemia: Monitor for potassium >5.0 mmol/L 2
  • Renal function: Acceptable increases include up to 50% increase in creatinine or maximum of 3 mg/dL 2

Important Considerations

Efficacy Evidence

  • Higher doses of lisinopril (32.5-35 mg daily) demonstrated 24% fewer hospitalizations for heart failure compared to low doses (2.5-5 mg daily) in the ATLAS study 4
  • Lisinopril improves cardiac function indices in heart failure patients resistant to conventional therapy 5

Contraindications

  • History of angioedema
  • Pregnancy
  • Bilateral renal artery stenosis 2

Drug Interactions

  • Avoid potassium-sparing diuretics during initiation
  • Avoid NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors when possible 2

Common Side Effects

  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Hypotension
  • Cough
  • Renal insufficiency (more common with higher doses) 6, 4

By following these dosing recommendations and monitoring parameters, lisinopril can effectively manage both hypertension and heart failure while minimizing adverse effects.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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