Differential Diagnosis for Homogenous Ovarian Mass

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis
  • Simple Ovarian Cyst: This is the most common cause of a homogenous ovarian mass, particularly in premenopausal women. Simple cysts are usually benign, filled with fluid, and have a thin wall, which can be easily visualized on ultrasound.
• Other Likely Diagnoses
  • Mucinous Cystadenoma: A type of benign ovarian tumor that can appear as a homogenous mass, especially if it is filled with mucin and has not undergone significant degeneration or hemorrhage.
  • Serous Cystadenoma: Another common benign ovarian tumor that can present as a homogenous mass, often filled with a serous fluid.
  • Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma): Although these can be heterogeneous due to the presence of various tissue types (e.g., hair, bone, teeth), some may appear more homogenous, especially if the solid components are minimal.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses
  • Ovarian Cancer (e.g., Serous or Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma): While less common than benign causes, ovarian cancer is critical to consider due to its potential for severe outcomes if not diagnosed and treated early. Some ovarian cancers can present as homogenous masses, particularly in early stages.
  • Germ Cell Tumors: Certain types, like dysgerminomas, can appear as solid, homogenous masses on imaging, though they are less common.
• Rare Diagnoses
  • Struma Ovarii: A rare form of mature teratoma that is composed mostly of thyroid tissue. It can appear as a homogenous mass, especially if it is predominantly cystic.
  • Ovarian Lymphoma: Primary ovarian lymphoma is extremely rare and can present as a homogenous mass, though it is more commonly associated with systemic disease.
  • Metastatic Disease to the Ovary: While metastases to the ovary can occur, they often present with multiple, bilateral masses and are associated with a known primary malignancy. However, in rare cases, a solitary metastasis could mimic a primary ovarian mass.