Differential Diagnosis for Scalp Sores
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Folliculitis: This is an inflammation of the hair follicles, often caused by bacterial or fungal infections. It's a common condition that can lead to sores on the scalp, making it the most likely diagnosis due to its prevalence and the typical presentation of scalp sores.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Psoriasis: An autoimmune condition that can cause red, scaly patches on the scalp, which may appear as sores. It's a common skin condition that can affect the scalp.
- Seborrheic Dermatitis: A condition causing scaly patches, red skin, and stubborn dandruff, often on the scalp. It can lead to the appearance of sores due to scratching and inflammation.
- Impetigo: A highly contagious skin infection that can cause sores on the scalp, typically in children. It's caused by bacteria and can spread quickly.
- Ringworm of the Scalp (Tinea Capitis): A fungal infection that causes patches of hair loss, redness, and sometimes sores on the scalp. It's more common in children but can affect adults as well.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma): Although less common, skin cancers can present as sores on the scalp. Given the potential severity and the importance of early detection, these diagnoses should not be missed.
- Lupus: Systemic lupus erythematosus can cause skin lesions, including those on the scalp, which might resemble sores. It's an autoimmune disease with a wide range of symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause skin lesions, including on the scalp, among other systemic symptoms. It's less common but critical to diagnose due to its potential impact on various body systems.
Rare Diagnoses
- Kerion: A severe form of tinea capitis that leads to large, painful masses on the scalp, which can resemble sores. It's a rare but serious fungal infection.
- Alopecia Areata with Secondary Infection: An autoimmune condition causing hair loss, which can sometimes lead to secondary infections presenting as sores on the scalp.
- Discoid Lupus Erythematosus: A chronic skin condition of sores with inflammation and scarring favoring the scalp, face, and ears but can be limited to the scalp. It's a form of lupus that primarily affects the skin.