Tinnitus: This is the most common diagnosis for ringing in the ears, often related to exposure to loud noises, age-related hearing loss, or certain medications. It can be subjective (heard only by the patient) or objective (heard by the examiner as well).

Meniere's Disease: A disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing, causing vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and ear fullness.
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: A condition where the tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat doesn't open and close properly, leading to feelings of fullness, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
Middle Ear Infections: Infections in the middle ear can cause tinnitus, along with other symptoms like ear pain and fever.
Ototoxicity: Certain medications or chemicals can damage the ear, leading to tinnitus and hearing loss.

Acoustic Neuroma: A non-cancerous tumor on the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain, which can cause tinnitus, hearing loss, and balance problems. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): In rare cases, tinnitus can be a symptom of a stroke or TIA, especially if accompanied by sudden onset of other neurological symptoms.
Multiple Sclerosis: An autoimmune disease that can affect the brain and spinal cord, sometimes causing tinnitus among other neurological symptoms.

Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: A rare condition where the immune system attacks the inner ear, leading to tinnitus, hearing loss, and sometimes vertigo.
Vestibular Schwannoma: Similar to acoustic neuroma but specifically affecting the vestibular nerve, leading to balance issues and tinnitus.
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: A rare condition where there's an abnormal opening in the bone overlying the superior semicircular canal of the inner ear, causing a variety of auditory and vestibular symptoms, including tinnitus.