Differential Diagnosis for Air in the Bladder
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Instrumentation or catheterization: This is the most common cause of air in the bladder, occurring when air enters the bladder during medical procedures such as catheterization or cystoscopy.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Urinary tract infection (UTI) with a gas-producing organism: Certain bacteria, like Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae, can produce gas as a byproduct of their metabolism, leading to the presence of air in the bladder.
- Fistula between the bladder and the intestine: A fistulous connection between the bladder and the intestine can allow air from the intestine to enter the bladder.
- Recent surgery: Air can enter the bladder during surgical procedures involving the pelvic region.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Emphysematous cystitis: A severe infection of the bladder where gas is produced in the bladder wall, which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
- Gangrenous cystitis: A condition where the bladder tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply, potentially leading to gas production and air in the bladder.
Rare Diagnoses
- Bladder diverticulum with gas: A rare condition where a diverticulum (a pouch-like structure) in the bladder contains air.
- Congenital anomalies: Certain congenital conditions can lead to abnormal connections between the bladder and other parts of the body, potentially allowing air to enter the bladder.
- Trauma: Severe trauma to the pelvic region can cause air to enter the bladder, although this is relatively rare compared to other causes.