Pneumonia: This is a common cause of pain with breathing in pediatric patients, often accompanied by fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. The pain can be pleuritic, worsening with deep breathing or coughing.

Asthma: Asthma can cause chest pain or discomfort, especially during exacerbations, due to airway constriction and inflammation.
Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura can cause sharp, stabbing pain that worsens with breathing, often associated with viral infections.
Pneumothorax: Although less common in pediatric patients without underlying lung disease, pneumothorax can cause sudden, severe chest pain and shortness of breath.

Pulmonary Embolism: Although rare in children, pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention. It can cause sudden onset of chest pain and difficulty breathing.
Cardiac Conditions (e.g., Pericarditis, Myocarditis): These conditions can mimic respiratory issues and cause chest pain, often with a component of pain that changes with position or movement.
Trauma: Rib fractures or other traumatic injuries can cause pain with breathing and must be considered, especially in the context of a recent accident or fall.

Pneumomediastinum: Air in the mediastinum can cause chest pain and is often associated with asthma, traumatic injuries, or certain infections.
Spontaneous Hemopneumothorax: A rare condition where there is both air and blood in the pleural space, which can cause severe chest pain and respiratory distress.
Cystic Fibrosis: While not typically presenting with acute pain, cystic fibrosis can lead to chronic respiratory issues, including pain with breathing due to recurrent infections and bronchiectasis.