Differential Diagnosis for Vomiting after Meals
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This condition is characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, often triggered by eating, which can lead to vomiting after meals. Its high prevalence and direct association with meal times make it a likely cause.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Gastroparesis: A condition where the stomach takes too long to empty its contents, often leading to nausea and vomiting after eating. It's common in diabetic patients and those with a history of certain surgeries or medications.
- Peptic ulcer disease: Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum can cause pain and vomiting, especially after eating, due to the irritation of the ulcer by food and stomach acid.
- Food poisoning or gastroenteritis: Infections of the stomach and intestines can cause vomiting after meals, along with other symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal cramps.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Appendicitis: Although vomiting is not the most common initial symptom, it can occur, especially if the appendix is located near the stomach or intestines, causing irritation and subsequent vomiting after meals.
- Intestinal obstruction: A blockage in the intestines can lead to severe vomiting, which may be exacerbated by eating. This condition requires immediate medical attention.
- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can cause severe abdominal pain and vomiting, which may worsen after eating, especially fatty foods.
- Rare diagnoses
- Rumination syndrome: A condition where food is regurgitated and then chewed and swallowed again, often shortly after eating. It's more common in individuals with intellectual disabilities but can occur in anyone.
- Eosinophilic esophagitis: An allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing and vomiting, especially after eating certain foods.
- Gastric cancer: Although rare, stomach cancer can cause vomiting after meals, among other symptoms like weight loss and abdominal pain. It's more common in older adults and those with a family history of the disease.