From the Research
Pityriasis alba is a skin disorder characterized by finely scaly, hypopigmented patches, typically affecting children and often associated with atopic dermatitis. This condition is marked by an extended, multistage course and spontaneous remissions and recurrences, with characteristic features including patches of hypopigmented skin on the upper body, sometimes accompanied by pruritus 1. The etiology of pityriasis alba is unknown, but possible triggering factors include sunlight, beauty treatments, and microorganisms, among others 1.
Key Characteristics
- Finely scaly, hypopigmented patches
- Typically affects children
- Often associated with atopic dermatitis
- Characterized by an extended, multistage course and spontaneous remissions and recurrences
- Patches of hypopigmented skin on the upper body, sometimes accompanied by pruritus
Histologic Features
A histologic study revealed features suggestive of the diagnosis, including horny plugs, spongiotic edema, and atrophic sebaceous glands, as well as a disturbance of melanization secondary to epithelial damage 2. The tissue reaction was more conspicuous in the skin lesions with follicular papules.
Recent Findings
A recent study found that there were differences in the expression levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes in skin biopsies between tissue with lesions and healthy skin, suggesting the presence of molecular stages of pityriasis alba 3. The study also found positive correlations between the expression of certain genes, which may have implications for the selection of treatment for pityriasis alba-related lesions.
Treatment
Calcineurin inhibitors play a crucial role in the pharmacotherapy of pityriasis alba, and treatment should be tailored to the individual patient's needs 1. The most effective treatment approach for pityriasis alba is the use of calcineurin inhibitors, such as topical creams or ointments, to reduce inflammation and prevent further skin damage. Additionally, avoiding triggering factors such as sunlight and beauty treatments may help to prevent the onset of pityriasis alba.