Differential Diagnosis for Slapped Cheek Appearance
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease): This is the most common cause of a "slapped cheek" appearance, typically caused by Parvovirus B19. It is characterized by a distinctive facial rash and is often accompanied by mild fever and upper respiratory symptoms.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Lupus Erythematosus: Although less common, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks, which might be mistaken for a slapped cheek appearance. Other symptoms such as joint pain, fever, and fatigue often accompany this condition.
- Rosacea: This chronic skin condition can cause redness and flushing of the face, potentially resembling a slapped cheek appearance. However, it typically lacks the distinct demarcation and is often accompanied by acne-like symptoms.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Kawasaki Disease: Although rare, Kawasaki disease is a serious condition that can present with a rash, fever, and other symptoms that might initially resemble a slapped cheek appearance. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent cardiac complications.
- Lyme Disease: In some cases, Lyme disease can cause a distinctive rash known as erythema migrans, which might be confused with other rashes. Given its potential for serious complications if untreated, it's crucial not to miss this diagnosis.
- Rare diagnoses
- Dermatomyositis: This is an inflammatory disease characterized by skin rash and muscle weakness. The rash can sometimes present with a heliotrope (purple) discoloration of the eyelids and a distinctive erythema of the face, which might be considered in the differential for a slapped cheek appearance, although it is much less common.
- Sjögren's Syndrome: This autoimmune disorder can cause skin rashes among other symptoms like dry eyes and mouth. While it's rare and not typically the first consideration for a slapped cheek appearance, it should be kept in mind for patients with additional suggestive symptoms.