Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is the most common cause of urethral pain and IDC, especially in women. Bacterial infection can lead to inflammation and irritation of the urethra, causing pain and discomfort.

Urethral Syndrome: A condition characterized by recurring episodes of urethral pain, often accompanied by frequency and urgency of urination, without evidence of infection.
Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain, which can also lead to urethral discomfort and IDC.
Overactive Bladder: A condition where the bladder muscle contracts involuntarily, leading to symptoms of urgency, frequency, and sometimes pain, including urethral pain.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, which can cause urethral pain and discharge. Missing these diagnoses can lead to serious complications, including infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Urethral Stricture: A narrowing of the urethra, which can cause obstructive symptoms and pain. If left untreated, it can lead to more severe complications.
Bladder Cancer: Although less common, bladder cancer can cause pain, including urethral pain, and IDC. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.

Urethral Caruncle: A benign growth on the urethra that can cause pain and discomfort.
Urethral Diverticulum: A condition where a pouch or pocket forms in the wall of the urethra, which can lead to symptoms including pain, especially if it becomes infected.
Sphincter Dyssynergia: A condition where the muscles of the urethra do not coordinate properly with the bladder, leading to obstructive symptoms and potentially pain.