What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia due to elevated vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels?

From the Guidelines

Elevated vitamin D levels can cause hypercalcemia, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, weakness, and weight loss, as well as kidney problems, neurological symptoms, bone pain, and cardiovascular issues 1.

Symptoms of Hypercalcemia

The symptoms of hypercalcemia due to elevated vitamin D levels can be severe and affect various systems in the body. Some common symptoms include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Poor appetite
• Constipation
• Weakness and weight loss
• Kidney problems, such as increased urination and thirst
• Neurological symptoms, including confusion, disorientation, and psychosis
• Bone pain and muscle weakness due to calcium being pulled from bones
• Cardiovascular issues, such as irregular heartbeat and high blood pressure

Causes and Risks

These symptoms occur because excess vitamin D increases calcium absorption in the intestines, leading to hypercalcemia, which disrupts normal cellular function throughout the body, particularly affecting the kidneys, digestive system, and nervous system 1.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If vitamin D toxicity is suspected, it is essential to stop taking supplements immediately and seek medical attention. Blood tests can confirm the diagnosis, and treatment typically involves discontinuing vitamin D supplements, increasing fluid intake, possibly using medications like bisphosphonates or corticosteroids, and addressing any underlying kidney damage 1.

Prevention

Most cases of vitamin D toxicity occur from supplement overuse rather than from sun exposure or food sources. Therefore, it is crucial to follow recommended vitamin D intake guidelines and monitor levels regularly to prevent toxicity 1.

From the Research

Symptoms of Hypercalcemia due to Elevated Vitamin D Levels

The symptoms of hypercalcemia due to elevated vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels include:

• Nausea and vomiting 2, 3
• Altered sensorium 2, 3
• Constipation 2
• Pancreatitis 2
• Acute kidney injury 4, 2
• Weight loss 2
• Fatigue 4
• Gastrointestinal complaints 4
• Confusion 3
• Apathy 3
• Abdominal pain 3
• Polyuria 3
• Polydipsia 3
• Dehydration 3

Clinical Manifestations

Clinical manifestations of vitamin D toxicity include:

• Severe hypercalcemia 2, 3
• Hypercalciuria 5
• Hyperphosphatemia 5
• Acute kidney injury 4, 2

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings associated with hypercalcemia due to elevated vitamin D levels include:

• Elevated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 4, 2, 3
• Elevated serum total serum calcium levels 4, 2
• Elevated serum phosphorus levels 5
• Acute kidney injury 4, 2