Differential Diagnosis for Paresthesia around the Mouth and Face
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Trigeminal Neuralgia: This condition is characterized by sudden, severe, and shock-like pain around the mouth and face, which can also cause paresthesia. It typically affects one side of the face and can be triggered by light touch or other stimuli.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Multiple Sclerosis: This autoimmune disease can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, including paresthesia around the mouth and face, due to demyelination of nerve fibers.
- Hyperventilation Syndrome: Rapid or deep breathing can lead to respiratory alkalosis, causing paresthesia around the mouth and face, as well as in the hands and feet.
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause neurological symptoms, including paresthesia, due to its role in the synthesis of myelin.
- Diabetes Mellitus: High blood sugar levels can damage nerve fibers, leading to paresthesia and other neurological symptoms.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Although less common, a stroke or TIA can cause sudden onset of paresthesia around the mouth and face, and is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
- Lyme Disease: In rare cases, Lyme disease can cause neurological symptoms, including paresthesia, due to infection with Borrelia burgdorferi.
- Sarcoidosis: This autoimmune disease can cause neurological symptoms, including paresthesia, due to granulomatous inflammation of nerve fibers.
Rare Diagnoses
- Peripheral Neuropathy due to other causes: Such as amyloidosis, porphyria, or certain toxins (e.g., heavy metals).
- Neoplastic lesions: Such as schwannomas or other tumors that compress or infiltrate nerve fibers.
- Inflammatory conditions: Such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).
- Mitochondrial disorders: Such as MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), which can cause a range of neurological symptoms, including paresthesia.