Morton's Neuroma: This condition is characterized by a benign growth of nerve tissue between the toes, commonly between the 2nd and 3rd toes, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. The location and nature of the pain described make this the most probable diagnosis.

Intermetatarsal Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae between the metatarsal bones can cause pain in the foot, particularly between the toes. This condition can be due to repetitive stress or poor footwear.
Hammer Toe or Claw Toe: Deformities of the toes can lead to abnormal pressure distribution and pain, especially if the deformity affects the 2nd or 3rd toe.
Metatarsalgia: A general term for pain in the ball of the foot, which can be caused by various factors including poor footwear, overuse, or abnormal gait mechanics.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less common, DVT can present with pain in the foot or leg. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis due to its potential for severe complications, such as pulmonary embolism.
Osteomyelitis or Septic Arthritis: Infections of the bone or joint can cause severe pain and have significant consequences if not promptly treated.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Reduced blood flow to the limbs can cause pain in the feet, especially during exercise, and is a critical diagnosis not to miss due to its implications for cardiovascular health.

Freiberg's Disease: A rare condition characterized by avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head, leading to pain and stiffness in the foot.
Gout or Pseudogout: Although more commonly associated with the big toe, these conditions can affect other toes and cause severe, sudden-onset pain.
Erythromelalgia: A disorder that causes burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which can be primary or secondary to other conditions like myeloproliferative disorders.