Differential Diagnosis for Non-acute Onset Persistent Rhinitis/Rhinosinusitis
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Allergic Rhinitis: This is the most common cause of persistent rhinitis, often associated with allergies to dust mites, pollen, or pet dander. Symptoms include nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Vasomotor Rhinitis: A non-allergic condition characterized by chronic sneezing, congestion, or runny nose, often triggered by environmental factors such as temperature changes, humidity, or strong odors.
- Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS): Inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses lasting more than 12 weeks, which can be caused by infection, allergies, or environmental factors.
- Nasal Polyps: Growths in the nasal passages that can cause congestion, loss of smell, and persistent rhinitis symptoms.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid reflux can irritate the nasal passages and sinuses, leading to persistent rhinitis symptoms.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Wegener's Granulomatosis (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis): A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause destruction of the nasal passages and sinuses, leading to persistent rhinitis and potentially life-threatening complications if left untreated.
- Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that can affect the nasal passages and sinuses, causing persistent rhinitis and potentially serious complications if not diagnosed and treated.
- Tumor or Cancer: Although rare, nasal or sinus tumors can cause persistent rhinitis symptoms and require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious consequences.
Rare Diagnoses
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Kartagener Syndrome): A genetic disorder affecting the cilia in the respiratory tract, leading to chronic respiratory infections and persistent rhinitis.
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that can cause persistent respiratory infections, including rhinosinusitis, due to thickened mucus production.
- Immunodeficiency Disorders: Conditions such as HIV/AIDS or primary immunodeficiencies can increase the risk of persistent rhinitis and rhinosinusitis due to impaired immune function.