Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is a common condition that can cause hematuria (blood in the urine) and the presence of urobilinogen, which is a byproduct of bilirubin breakdown. Headache can be associated with UTIs due to systemic infection or dehydration.

Kidney Stones: Kidney stones can cause severe pain (which might radiate to the head as a headache), hematuria, and changes in urine composition, including the presence of urobilinogen.
Glomerulonephritis: An inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys, which can be caused by infection, autoimmune diseases, or other factors. It can lead to hematuria and systemic symptoms like headache.
Pyelonephritis: An infection of the kidney, which can cause hematuria, changes in urine (including urobilinogen levels), and systemic symptoms such as headache and fever.

Malignant Hypertension: Severe high blood pressure can cause kidney damage leading to hematuria and can also cause headaches. It's critical to diagnose and treat promptly to prevent organ damage.
Sickle Cell Disease: This genetic disorder can cause sickling of red blood cells in the kidneys, leading to hematuria. Headaches can occur due to various complications, including anemia or vaso-occlusive crises.
Vasculitis: Inflammation of blood vessels can affect kidney function and cause hematuria. Systemic vasculitis can also lead to headaches among other symptoms.

Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities. It can cause hematuria, and headaches might occur due to associated conditions like hypertension.
Goodpasture Syndrome: An autoimmune disease that affects the lungs and kidneys, causing hematuria and potentially headaches due to systemic inflammation or renal failure.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): A rare blood disorder that can cause kidney dysfunction, leading to hematuria, and headaches due to neurological involvement or hypertension.