Differential Diagnosis for Sneezing and Itchy Nose

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis
  • Allergic Rhinitis: This is the most common cause of sneezing and itchy nose, often triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, leading to the release of histamine and other chemical mediators that cause nasal itching, sneezing, and congestion.
• Other Likely Diagnoses
  • Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (Common Cold): Although the primary symptom is usually a runny nose, sneezing and nasal itching can also occur, especially in the initial stages of the infection.
  • Non-Allergic Rhinitis: This condition presents with similar symptoms to allergic rhinitis but without an identifiable allergen trigger. It can be caused by various factors, including environmental irritants, hormonal changes, or certain medications.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses
  • Angioedema: A potentially life-threatening condition characterized by rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It can cause significant airway obstruction if not promptly treated.
  • Anaphylaxis: A severe, generalized allergic reaction that can include symptoms such as sneezing and itchy nose, along with more systemic symptoms like difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, and a fall in blood pressure. It requires immediate medical attention.
• Rare Diagnoses
  • Vasomotor Rhinitis: A rare condition where the blood vessels in the nose become overly sensitive, leading to excessive nasal discharge, sneezing, and congestion, often triggered by non-allergic factors such as temperature changes, strong odors, or spicy food.
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Although primarily affecting the esophagus, this condition can sometimes present with upper respiratory symptoms, including sneezing and itchy nose, due to the eosinophilic inflammation potentially affecting the nasal passages as well.