From the Research
Women of childbearing potential, typically between 12-55 years old, should undergo a pregnancy test for hospital admission when scheduled for procedures, surgeries, or treatments that could potentially harm a developing fetus. This recommendation is based on the importance of identifying potential pregnancy to prevent exposure to teratogenic medications and procedures that could harm the fetus, as highlighted in a study published in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 1. The study found that 25% of women of childbearing age were prescribed high-risk medications, with over half not having evidence of contraception management.
Key Considerations
- Pregnancy testing is usually done via a urine hCG test, which detects the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone produced during pregnancy.
- The timing of the test is typically on the day of admission or procedure to ensure the most accurate results.
- Some facilities may waive pregnancy testing if the patient has had a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, is post-menopausal, or has abstained from sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy.
- A more recent study published in the European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2 emphasizes the importance of teratological counseling and evaluation of complex phenotypes in women exposed to teratogenic medications during pregnancy.
Rationale
The recommendation to test women of childbearing potential for pregnancy is supported by the potential risks of teratogenic medications and procedures, as well as the importance of identifying pregnancy to provide appropriate care and counseling. A study published in the Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene 3 highlights the need for preconception health care and counseling to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy.
Exceptions
Some women may not require pregnancy testing, such as those who have had a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or are post-menopausal, as noted in various studies 4, 5. However, these exceptions should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and pregnancy testing should be performed if there is any uncertainty about the patient's pregnancy status.