IgA Nephropathy: This is the most common cause of hematuria and proteinuria in young adults, often presenting with recurrent episodes of gross hematuria, especially following upper respiratory tract infections.

Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and progressive kidney disease, often associated with hearing loss and eye abnormalities.
Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy: A benign condition that can cause hematuria and mild proteinuria, often with a family history of similar symptoms.
Nephrotic Syndrome: A collection of symptoms including heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, which can be caused by various glomerular diseases, such as minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Goodpasture Syndrome: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, hematuria, and proteinuria, often associated with pulmonary hemorrhage.
Wegener's Granulomatosis (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis): A systemic vasculitis that can cause renal involvement, hematuria, and proteinuria, often with respiratory and other systemic symptoms.
Lupus Nephritis: A complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that can cause hematuria, proteinuria, and kidney failure, often with other systemic symptoms such as joint pain and skin rashes.

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: A rare glomerular disease that can cause hematuria, proteinuria, and kidney failure, often associated with complement system abnormalities.
Fabry Disease: A genetic disorder that can cause hematuria, proteinuria, and kidney failure, often associated with other systemic symptoms such as neuropathic pain and skin lesions.
Sickle Cell Nephropathy: A complication of sickle cell disease that can cause hematuria, proteinuria, and kidney failure, often with other systemic symptoms such as anemia and pain crises.