Does sugar intake contribute to joint pain (arthralgia)?

From the Guidelines

Sugar intake is likely to contribute to joint pain, particularly in individuals with inflammatory conditions like arthritis, due to its pro-inflammatory effects and potential to exacerbate weight gain, as evidenced by a 2024 study published in Gut Microbes 1. When considering the relationship between sugar intake and joint pain, it is essential to examine the underlying mechanisms. Excessive sugar consumption can lead to increased inflammation in the body, which is a primary contributor to the development of conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 1. The study found that patients with RA have a distinct gut microbiota, with lower beneficial bacteria and higher concentrations of potentially harmful bacteria, which can be influenced by dietary factors, including sugar intake 1. Key factors to consider include:

• The pro-inflammatory effects of sugar consumption, which can worsen joint pain in individuals with arthritis
• The potential for sugar intake to contribute to weight gain, putting additional pressure on weight-bearing joints
• The importance of a balanced diet, such as a Mediterranean-style diet, in reducing the risk of developing RA and alleviating joint pain 1
• The role of anti-inflammatory foods, like omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil, in reducing inflammation and potentially alleviating joint pain 1 To minimize the potential negative effects of sugar on joint pain, it is recommended to:
• Reduce sugar intake for 2-4 weeks and monitor any changes in symptoms
• Focus on whole foods, such as vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and healthy fats
• Avoid processed foods, sodas, candies, and baked goods with added sugars
• Stay hydrated and maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint pain regardless of sugar consumption.

From the Research

Sugar Intake and Joint Pain

• Sugar intake has been recognized as a potential environmental risk factor for increased incidence of many non-communicable diseases, including inflammation 2.
• High sugar intake may lead to the occurrence and aggravation of inflammation, which can contribute to joint pain (arthralgia) 2.
• Dietary patterns, including sugar intake, may play an important role in musculoskeletal well-being, and some studies have found associations between sugar intake and pain intensity and pain threshold 3.

Mechanisms of Sugar-Induced Inflammation

• The consumption of high sugar beverages and processed foods can lead to inflammation, which can contribute to joint pain 2.
• Sugar intake can alter the balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the diet, leading to the generation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids 4.
• An anti-inflammatory diet, which includes a reduction in sugar intake, may help to reduce inflammation and alleviate joint pain 4.

Studies on Sugar Intake and Joint Pain

• A systematic review found that plant-based diets, which tend to be low in sugar, may have pain-relieving effects on chronic musculoskeletal pain 3.
• Another study found that sugar intake was associated with pain intensity and pain threshold in patients with osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia 3.
• While some studies have investigated the relationship between sugar intake and cardiovascular disease mortality, the evidence for a direct link between sugar intake and joint pain is largely indirect 5.