Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It's a common cause of scrotal swelling, especially in young men, and is often associated with symptoms like pain, redness, and warmth of the scrotum.

Hydrocele: A condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid around a testicle, leading to swelling of the scrotum. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary due to other conditions like injury or infection.
Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It's a common condition that can cause swelling and is often associated with a feeling of heaviness or aching in the scrotum.
Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections. It can lead to scrotal swelling, pain, and may be accompanied by other symptoms like fever.

Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. It's characterized by sudden, severe pain and swelling of the scrotum. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to save the affected testicle.
Testicular Cancer: Although less common, testicular cancer can present with scrotal swelling, often accompanied by a palpable mass. Early detection is key for effective treatment and prognosis.

Spermatocele: A benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. It can cause swelling but is usually painless and may be discovered incidentally.
Filarial Hydrocele: Caused by filarial infection (e.g., Wuchereria bancrofti), leading to lymphatic obstruction and subsequent hydrocele formation. This is more common in endemic areas.
Idiopathic Scrotal Edema: A rare condition characterized by acute swelling of the scrotum, often without a clear cause. It can be painful and may resolve spontaneously.