Opening Adderall XR Capsules
Adderall XR capsules can be opened and the contents sprinkled on applesauce for patients who have difficulty swallowing, but the beads should never be crushed or chewed as this would destroy the extended-release mechanism and potentially lead to overdose. 1
Proper Administration When Opening Capsules
- Adderall XR contains both immediate-release and delayed-release pellets in a specific 1:1 ratio designed to provide consistent medication delivery over 12 hours 2
- The capsule can be carefully opened and the entire contents sprinkled onto a small amount of applesauce, which should be consumed immediately without chewing 1
- The extended-release beads must be swallowed whole to maintain the proper drug delivery mechanism 3
- The meal on which the medication is sprinkled should be soft and not require chewing (applesauce is recommended) 1
Risks of Improper Administration
- Crushing the beads inside Adderall XR capsules will destroy the extended-release properties, causing all medication to be released at once 4
- This can result in potentially dangerous overdose symptoms including tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, and seizures 5
- Crushing extended-release formulations may lead to rapid absorption of the full 12-hour dose, which can be life-threatening 4
- The person crushing the medication may also be exposed to drug particles, which could cause adverse effects 4
Important Considerations
- Food affects the absorption of Adderall XR differently than other extended-release stimulants; taking with a high-fat breakfast can significantly lower early drug exposure 6
- Adderall XR is designed to provide consistent medication levels throughout the day with once-daily dosing 3
- The medication contains a 3:1 ratio of dextroamphetamine to levoamphetamine, which provides specific therapeutic effects 2
- The newer extended-release preparations like Adderall XR are designed to reduce potential for abuse compared to immediate-release formulations 7
Special Populations
- For children who cannot swallow capsules, opening and sprinkling contents on applesauce is an FDA-approved administration method 1
- For adults, the same principles apply - contents can be sprinkled but never crushed or chewed 1
- Maximum recommended daily dose of Adderall XR is 50 mg, regardless of administration method 1
Clinical Recommendation
- If a patient has difficulty swallowing capsules, opening and sprinkling on applesauce is preferred over attempting to crush the medication 1, 4
- If this administration method is still problematic, consider discussing alternative ADHD medication options with your healthcare provider 1
- Always take Adderall XR exactly as prescribed, as improper administration can significantly alter the medication's safety and effectiveness 3