From the Guidelines
Folic acid supplementation at 400-800 mcg daily is the most recommended supplement to improve oocyte quality for female reproduction, as it supports DNA synthesis and repair. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, women of reproductive age should take a daily supplement of 400 to 800 mcg of folic acid, starting before conception, and consume a balanced diet of folate-rich foods to reduce the risk of neural tube defects 1. While other supplements like Coenzyme Q10, melatonin, and vitamin D may also be beneficial, the evidence for their use in improving egg quality is not as strong as it is for folic acid.
Key points to consider when recommending supplements for improving egg quality include:
- Starting supplementation at least 3 months before conception attempts to allow for egg maturation
- Consulting with a reproductive endocrinologist or healthcare provider to determine individual needs and potential interactions with medications
- Maintaining a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle to support overall reproductive health
- Being aware of the potential risks and benefits of each supplement, as well as any contraindications or interactions with other medications.
It is essential to prioritize the use of folic acid, as recommended by the American Academy of Family Physicians, due to its well-established benefits in reducing the risk of neural tube defects and supporting DNA synthesis and repair 1.
From the Research
Supplements for Improving Oocyte Quality
To improve oocyte (egg) quality for female reproduction, several supplements have been identified as potentially beneficial:
- Folic acid: Women of childbearing age should supplement with folic acid, as it has been established to be beneficial for fertility 2, 3.
- Vitamin D and iodine: It is vital to control blood concentrations of these nutrients and consider supplementation if necessary, as most people experience deficiencies in these areas 2.
- Iron: Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy can reduce maternal anaemia and iron deficiency, and may also have a positive effect on birth outcomes such as low birthweight and preterm birth 4.
- Multiple micronutrients: Supplementation with multiple micronutrients, including iron and folic acid, may improve birth outcomes such as low birthweight and small-for-gestational-age babies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where micronutrient deficiencies are common 5, 6.
- Phytoestrogens: These compounds may have a positive influence on female fertility, although more research is needed to fully understand their effects 2.
Key Findings
- A diet rich in dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, plant-based protein, and vitamins and minerals, such as the Mediterranean diet, may have a positive impact on female fertility 2.
- A healthy diet and lifestyle are significant factors influencing fertility, and expanding knowledge in this area is valid 2.
- Iron and folic acid supplementation is recommended for pregnant women, and multiple micronutrient supplementation may be beneficial in certain contexts 3, 4, 5, 6.