Diabetic Nephropathy: This is the most common cause of high protein (microalbumin) and creatinine in the urine, especially in patients with a history of diabetes. The prolonged high blood sugar levels damage the kidneys' filters (nephrons), leading to the leakage of protein and creatinine into the urine.

Hypertension: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the kidneys, leading to proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) and elevated creatinine levels.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): CKD can cause a gradual loss of kidney function, resulting in the accumulation of waste products like creatinine and the leakage of protein into the urine.
Glomerulonephritis: This refers to a group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, the filters of the kidneys, leading to proteinuria and elevated creatinine levels.

Kidney Stones or Obstruction: While less common, kidney stones or obstruction can cause a sudden increase in creatinine levels and proteinuria. Missing this diagnosis could lead to severe kidney damage or sepsis if not promptly treated.
Vasculitis: Conditions like ANCA-associated vasculitis can cause kidney inflammation, leading to proteinuria and elevated creatinine levels. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent irreversible kidney damage.
Amyloidosis: This condition involves the deposition of abnormal proteins (amyloid) in various organs, including the kidneys, leading to proteinuria and kidney dysfunction.

Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects the type IV collagen in the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, and hearing loss.
Fabry Disease: A genetic disorder that results in the accumulation of a particular type of fat in the body's cells, affecting the kidneys and leading to proteinuria and kidney dysfunction.
Lupus Nephritis: A complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that causes kidney inflammation, leading to proteinuria and elevated creatinine levels.