Iron Deficiency Anemia: Given the patient's history of bladder cancer, which can cause chronic blood loss, and the laboratory results showing low total iron (47) and percent saturation (%sat) of 13, along with an elevated RDW (14.7) indicating a variation in red blood cell size, iron deficiency anemia is the most likely diagnosis. The MCV (99.7), MCH (31.4), and MCHC (31.5) values are near the upper limit of normal or slightly elevated, which can be seen in iron deficiency anemia due to the presence of both microcytic and normocytic red cells.

Anemia of Chronic Disease: This condition is common in patients with chronic diseases, including cancer. The patient's history of bladder cancer and the presence of anemia could suggest anemia of chronic disease, especially if there's evidence of ongoing inflammation or disease activity. However, the low iron and percent saturation more strongly suggest iron deficiency.
Mixed Anemia: Given the patient's complex medical history, it's possible that he has a mixed anemia, with components of both iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. The laboratory values could support this, especially if there are signs of inflammation or if the patient has other chronic conditions.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Although the patient has a history of bladder cancer, it's crucial not to miss other potential sources of chronic blood loss, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, which could also lead to iron deficiency anemia. This diagnosis is critical because it requires immediate attention to prevent severe complications.
Hemolysis: While less likely given the patient's presentation and lab values, hemolytic anemia could be a cause of anemia and should be considered, especially if there are other signs or symptoms suggestive of hemolysis.

Sideroblastic Anemia: This is a rare form of anemia characterized by the presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow. It can be congenital or acquired and is associated with various conditions, including myelodysplastic syndromes. The patient's age and history of cancer might make this a consideration, although it's less likely given the laboratory findings.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia: A rare condition characterized by the selective failure of red blood cell production in the bone marrow. It can be associated with various conditions, including lymphoproliferative disorders and autoimmune diseases. This diagnosis would be considered if there were a significant decrease in reticulocyte count and specific findings on bone marrow biopsy.

The treatment plan would primarily depend on the confirmed diagnosis but would likely include:

Iron Replacement Therapy for iron deficiency anemia, which could be oral or intravenous depending on the severity of the deficiency and the patient's ability to tolerate oral iron.
Evaluation and Treatment of Underlying Conditions, such as gastrointestinal bleeding or anemia of chronic disease, which would require specific interventions based on the underlying cause.
Regular Monitoring of the patient's hematologic parameters and adjustment of the treatment plan as necessary.