Differential Diagnosis for Antecubital Pain
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): This condition is a common cause of antecubital pain, especially in individuals who engage in activities that involve repetitive flexion of the wrist. The pain is typically localized to the medial aspect of the elbow.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): Although the pain is more commonly associated with the lateral aspect of the elbow, some patients may experience referred pain to the antecubital area. This condition is also related to repetitive strain on the forearm extensors.
- Elbow Strain or Sprain: Direct trauma or overuse can lead to strain or sprain of the muscles and ligaments around the elbow, causing antecubital pain.
- Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae around the elbow can cause pain and swelling in the antecubital area, especially if the olecranon or radial bursae are involved.
- Radial Head Fracture: A fracture of the radial head can cause pain in the antecubital area, especially with rotation of the forearm.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Septic Arthritis: Although less common, septic arthritis of the elbow joint can present with pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Osteomyelitis: Infection of the bone can cause severe pain and is a serious condition that requires early diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term complications.
- Neurovascular Compromise: Conditions such as compartment syndrome or vascular injury can lead to severe pain and require immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage.
Rare Diagnoses
- Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can occur around the elbow and cause antecubital pain. Examples include osteochondroma, giant cell tumor, and metastatic disease.
- Infectious Diseases: Certain infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis or fungal infections, can affect the elbow joint and surrounding structures, leading to antecubital pain.
- Rheumatologic Conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or scleroderma can cause elbow pain, although they are less common causes of antecubital pain compared to other symptoms.