Differential Diagnosis for Ankle Swelling after Exercise
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Overuse injury or strain: This is the most common cause of ankle swelling after exercise, especially if the individual has recently increased their activity level or intensity. The swelling is usually due to inflammation of the soft tissues, such as tendons or ligaments, surrounding the ankle joint.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Ankle sprain: A common injury that occurs when the ligaments surrounding the ankle joint are stretched or torn, leading to swelling, pain, and limited mobility.
- Achilles tendonitis: Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, can cause ankle swelling, especially after activities that involve running or jumping.
- Plantar fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that supports the arch of the foot, can cause ankle and foot swelling, especially after activities that involve running or walking.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in the deep veins of the leg can cause swelling, pain, and warmth in the affected area. Although less common, DVT is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention.
- Compartment syndrome: A condition where increased pressure within the muscle compartments of the leg can cause swelling, pain, and limited mobility. If left untreated, compartment syndrome can lead to permanent muscle and nerve damage.
- Fracture: A broken bone in the ankle or foot can cause swelling, pain, and limited mobility. Although less common, a fracture is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.
- Rare diagnoses
- Osteochondritis dissecans: A rare condition where a piece of cartilage and bone in the ankle joint becomes damaged, leading to swelling, pain, and limited mobility.
- Rheumatologic disorders: Certain conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, can cause ankle swelling and pain, especially after exercise.
- Infection: A rare but potentially serious condition, such as cellulitis or osteomyelitis, can cause ankle swelling, pain, and limited mobility.