Differential Diagnosis for 86 Year Old Female with Echocardiogram Findings
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): Given the patient's age, LVEF >55%, and presence of moderate to severe mitral regurgitation, moderate aortic regurgitation, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation, HFpEF is a likely diagnosis. The mild left atrial enlargement also supports this diagnosis.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: The presence of moderate to severe mitral regurgitation suggests degenerative mitral valve disease, which is common in elderly patients.
- Aortic Valve Disease: Moderate aortic regurgitation indicates aortic valve disease, which could be due to degenerative changes, endocarditis, or other causes.
- Tricuspid Valve Disease: Moderate tricuspid regurgitation may indicate tricuspid valve disease, which can be primary or secondary to other conditions such as pulmonary hypertension.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Pulmonary Embolism: Although the RVSP is elevated (50-55mmHg), it is essential to rule out pulmonary embolism, as it can be life-threatening and may not always present with typical symptoms.
- Cardiac Amyloidosis: Given the patient's age and presence of heart failure symptoms, cardiac amyloidosis should be considered, as it can present with preserved ejection fraction and valvular regurgitation.
- Constrictive Pericarditis: Although less likely, constrictive pericarditis can present with similar echocardiogram findings and should be considered to avoid missing this potentially treatable condition.
Rare Diagnoses
- Loeffler's Endocarditis: A rare condition characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the heart, which can cause valvular regurgitation and heart failure.
- Carcinoid Heart Disease: A rare condition caused by metastatic carcinoid tumors, which can lead to tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease, as well as heart failure.
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) due to Rare Causes: Such as congenital heart disease, HIV, or schistosomiasis, which can present with elevated RVSP and right heart dysfunction.