Differential Diagnosis for Burning Tongue
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS): This condition is characterized by a burning sensation in the tongue and other areas of the mouth without any visible signs of oral disease. It's often related to menopause, dry mouth, or psychological factors, making it a common diagnosis for burning tongue complaints.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Oral candidiasis (thrush): A fungal infection that can cause burning sensations, especially in immunocompromised patients or those with poor oral hygiene.
- Geographic tongue: A condition where areas of the tongue become denuded of their papillae, leading to discomfort and a burning sensation.
- Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12, iron, or zinc deficiency): These deficiencies can cause oral symptoms, including a burning sensation in the tongue.
- Dry mouth (xerostomia): Reduced saliva production can lead to a burning sensation in the mouth and tongue.
- Do Not Miss diagnoses
- Oral cancer: Although rare, oral cancer can present with a burning sensation in the tongue. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
- Lichen planus: An autoimmune condition that can affect the mucous membranes inside the mouth, leading to a burning sensation and potentially increasing the risk of oral cancer.
- Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to oral symptoms, including a burning tongue, due to high blood sugar levels affecting nerve function.
- Rare diagnoses
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the glands that produce tears and saliva, leading to dry mouth and potentially a burning tongue.
- Pernicious anemia: A condition where the body can't make enough healthy red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B12, which can cause a burning sensation in the tongue among other symptoms.
- Erythema multiforme: A rare skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes, leading to oral lesions and a burning sensation.