Differential Diagnosis for an Itchy Rash over the Face
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): This is a common condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin. The face is a frequent site of involvement, especially in children and individuals with a history of allergies or asthma. The rash can appear as red, dry, and scaly patches.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Contact Dermatitis: This condition occurs when the skin comes into contact with an allergen or irritant, leading to an itchy rash. Common culprits include cosmetics, soaps, and metals like nickel.
- Seborrheic Dermatitis: A condition causing scaly patches, red skin, and stubborn dandruff, often involving the oily areas of the body such as the face. It can be itchy and is common in areas rich with sebaceous glands.
- Psoriasis: Although less common on the face, psoriasis can cause itchy, scaly patches. Facial involvement often appears as red, scaly patches on the hairline, behind the ears, or around the nose.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lupus: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose, which may be itchy. Missing this diagnosis could lead to delayed treatment of a potentially serious autoimmune disease.
- Dermatomyositis: An inflammatory disease characterized by skin rash and muscle weakness. The rash can be itchy and often involves the face, particularly around the eyes.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition where granulomas form in various parts of the body, including the skin. Facial involvement can lead to itchy rashes or lesions.
Rare Diagnoses
- Pemphigus: A group of rare skin disorders that cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Some forms can present with itchy rashes before blistering occurs.
- Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma): A rare form of skin cancer that can initially present as an itchy, eczematous rash, including on the face.
- Granuloma Faciale: A rare, chronic skin condition characterized by single or multiple, reddish-brown, itchy plaques, typically on the face.