Differential Diagnosis for Labia Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Infections (e.g., vulvovaginitis, Bartholin gland abscess): This is often the most common cause of labia swelling due to bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Symptoms can include redness, warmth, pain, and discharge.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Allergic reactions or contact dermatitis: Irritation from soaps, dyes, or other substances can cause an allergic reaction leading to swelling and discomfort.
- Trauma or injury: Direct injury to the labia can cause swelling, pain, and bruising.
- Cysts or abscesses: Benign cysts or abscesses in the labia can cause localized swelling.
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Certain STIs, like herpes or syphilis, can cause labial swelling among other symptoms.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Necrotizing fasciitis: A rare but life-threatening infection that can cause severe swelling, pain, and necrosis of the tissue. Early recognition and treatment are crucial.
- Malignancy (e.g., vulvar cancer): Although rare, any persistent or unexplained swelling should be evaluated for the possibility of cancer.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Swelling in one leg or labia could be a sign of a DVT, which requires immediate medical attention to prevent pulmonary embolism.
Rare Diagnoses
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV): A rare STI that can cause swelling and other symptoms in the genital area.
- Behçet's disease: A rare condition that can cause genital ulcers and swelling among other systemic symptoms.
- Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis: These inflammatory bowel diseases can rarely cause genital manifestations, including swelling.
- Sarcoidosis: A systemic disease that can rarely affect the genital area, causing swelling or other symptoms.